Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass, offer several advantages in terms of sustainable development. Firstly, they reduce dependence on finite fossil fuel resources, which are depleting and contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, renewable energy technologies produce clean energy with minimal or no emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, thereby mitigating environmental impacts and improving air quality. Thirdly, the deployment of renewable energy can enhance energy security by diversifying the energy mix and reducing reliance on imported fuels.

Renewable energy technologies utilize natural sources such as sunlight, wind, and water to generate electricity or heat. Solar energy can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic panels or concentrated solar power systems. Wind energy is harnessed through wind turbines, while hydroelectric power harnesses the energy of flowing water. Biomass energy is derived from organic materials such as plant residues, agricultural waste, or dedicated energy crops. By utilizing these natural sources, renewable energy technologies offer a sustainable and abundant alternative to fossil fuel-based energy production.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.