Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion that scientific management principles aim to optimize worker output is correct. Scientific management emphasizes breaking down work into specialized tasks to improve efficiency and productivity by allowing employees to focus on specific tasks.

The reason provided, stating that it promotes standardization and specialization in tasks, is also correct. Scientific management indeed promotes standardization and specialization to streamline processes, reduce inefficiencies, and optimize worker performance.

Both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason effectively explains the assertion.