Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct option is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that scientific management principles aim to optimize worker output. This is true because the primary goal of scientific management, as proposed by Frederick Taylor and others, is to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace, essentially optimizing worker output.

The reason provided is that it promotes standardization and specialization in tasks. This is also true and aligns with the principles of scientific management. Standardization and specialization help streamline processes, reduce inefficiencies, and optimize the way tasks are performed, ultimately leading to higher worker output and productivity. Therefore, the reason correctly explains why the assertion is true.