Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion that scientific management principles aim to optimize worker output is correct. Scientific management, as advocated by Frederick Taylor and others, emphasizes optimizing efficiency and productivity to achieve the maximum output from workers.

The reason provided, stating that it promotes standardization and specialization in tasks, is also correct. Scientific management does indeed promote standardization and specialization to streamline processes and enhance productivity, which is a key aspect of optimizing worker output.

The reason explains and supports the assertion, making both assertions and reasons correct.