Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that the adoption of cleaner production technologies promotes sustainable development by reducing pollution and resource consumption. The reason provided is that cleaner production technologies minimize waste generation and optimize resource efficiency in industrial processes.

Cleaner production technologies refer to practices, techniques, and technologies that aim to minimize the environmental impact of industrial processes by reducing pollution and optimizing resource use. By adopting cleaner production technologies, industries can reduce their negative environmental footprint and contribute to sustainable development.

The reason provided correctly explains how cleaner production technologies contribute to sustainable development. These technologies focus on minimizing waste generation, including the reduction of hazardous substances, and optimizing resource efficiency in industrial processes. By doing so, they help to reduce pollution by minimizing emissions, waste, and the release of harmful substances into the environment. Additionally, cleaner production technologies promote resource conservation by using materials more efficiently, recycling or reusing waste materials, and adopting sustainable practices throughout the production chain.

The reason provided supports the assertion that the adoption of cleaner production technologies promotes sustainable development by reducing pollution and resource consumption. Cleaner production technologies align with the principles of sustainable development by addressing environmental concerns and promoting more efficient and responsible industrial practices. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.