Question : Assertion: The management process involves dealing with uncertainties and risks.
Reason: Managers need to make decisions based on incomplete information.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are incorrect.
Option 3: The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
Option 4: The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Option 5: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
The assertion is correct. Uncertainties and risks are inherent in the business environment, and effective management includes strategies for identifying, assessing, and mitigating these uncertainties and risks.
The reason is also correct and effectively explains the assertion. Managers often have to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty and with limited or incomplete information. This is a common challenge in the management process. The reason explains why dealing with uncertainties and risks is a part of the management process, so both the assertion and the reason are correct.
Question : Assertion: Effective management involves a top-down approach, where decisions flow from top-level management to lower levels.
Reason: Top-level managers have the most experience and knowledge to make crucial decisions.
Question : Assertion: The management process is continuous and ongoing.
Reason: It involves a series of interconnected functions that are performed repeatedly.
Question : Assertion: Lower-level management has limited decision-making authority.
Reason: They implement the decisions made by top management and follow specific guidelines.
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