Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that women's health programs aim to address gender-based health disparities and empower women in decision-making regarding their health, which is correct. Women's health programs and initiatives are designed to specifically target and address the unique health needs and challenges faced by women. They aim to reduce gender-based health disparities, improve access to healthcare services, and empower women to make informed decisions about their health. These programs often focus on areas such as reproductive health, maternal health, family planning, prevention and management of gender-specific diseases, and promoting overall well-being.

The reason provided states that women face unique health challenges throughout their life stages and require specialized care, which is the correct explanation of the assertion. Women's health needs differ from those of men due to biological, social, and cultural factors. Throughout their life stages, women experience specific health issues such as menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, and conditions related to reproductive organs. These unique health challenges require specialized care, targeted interventions, and gender-sensitive approaches to ensure the well-being and health empowerment of women.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for why women's health programs aim to address gender-based health disparities and empower women in decision-making regarding their health.