Correct Answer: fermentation

Solution : The correct option is fermentation.

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microbes such as bacteria break down organic materials (typically carbohydrates) into simpler chemicals, often creating energy in the form of ATP and other byproducts.This method is extensively used in food and beverage manufacturing, as well as in different industrial applications, to create products like as biogas and nutrient-rich slurry that may be used as fertiliser.