Question : Borrowings are equivalent to:
Option 1: Revenue receipts
Option 2: Revenue expenditure
Option 3: Primary deficit
Option 4: Fiscal deficit
Correct Answer: Fiscal deficit
Solution : The correct answer is (d) Fiscal deficit.
Fiscal deficit refers to the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total revenue (both tax and non-tax). When the government's total expenditure exceeds its total revenue, it needs to finance the deficit by borrowing money. Therefore, borrowings are a component of the fiscal deficit.