Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Santiniketan embodies Rabindranath Tagore's vision of a place of learning that is unfettered by religious and regional barriers. Established in 1863 with the aim of helping education go beyond the confines of the classroom, Santiniketan grew into the Visva Bharati University in 1921, attracting some of the most creative minds in the country.

He developed a curriculum that was a unique blend of art, human values, and cultural interchange. Even today, in every step, in every brick, and in every tree at Santiniketan, one can still feel his presence, his passion, his dedication, and his pride in the institution.

In 1862, Maharishi Debendranath Tagore, father of Rabindranath, was taking a boat ride through Birbhum, the westernmost corner of Bengal, when he came across a landscape that struck him as the perfect place for meditation. He bought the large tract of land built a small house and planted some saplings around it. Debendranath Tagore decided to call the place Santiniketan, or the 'abode of peace', because of the serenity it brought to his soul. In 1863, he turned it into a spiritual center where people from all religions, castes, and creeds came and participated in meditation.

In the years that followed, Debendranath's son Rabindranath went on to become one of the most formidable literary forces India has ever produced. He wrote in all literary genres but he was first and foremost a poet. As one of the earliest educators to think in terms of the global village, he envisioned an education that was deeply rooted in one's immediate surroundings but connected to the cultures of the wider world.

Located in the heart of nature, the school aimed to combine education with a sense of obligation towards the larger civic community. Blending the best of Western and traditional Eastern systems of education, the curriculum revolved organically around nature with classes being held in the open air. Tagore wanted his students to feel free despite being in the formal learning environment of a school because he himself had dropped out of school when he found himself unable to think and felt claustrophobic within the four walls of a classroom. Nature walks and excursions were a part of the curriculum, special attention was paid to natural phenomena and students were encouraged to follow the life cycles of insects, birds, and plants.

The rural paradise of Santiniketan, Tagore's erstwhile home, has become a thriving center of art, education, and internationalism over the years.

Question
Tagore's 'erstwhile' home means:
Option 1: former home
Option 2: rural retreat
Option 3: serene abode
Option 4: magnificent house

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