Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mountains occupy about a quarter of the Earth’s land, harbour most of its biodiversity hotspots, and supply fresh water to an estimated half of humanity. Present on every continent, mountains include a multitude of ecosystems holding many unique species, such as snow leopards and mountain gorillas. They are also home to great cultural diversity among people who have adapted to the challenges of mountain life. Their special traditions and breath-taking scenery attract ever-growing numbers of tourists.
Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to degradation from both human pressures and climate change. Steep slopes mean the clearing of forest for farming, settlements, or infrastructure, which can cause serious soil erosion as well as the loss of habitat. Erosion and pollution harm the quality of the water flowing downstream. Climate change threatens the quantity and timing of water supplies to farms, cities, industry and power stations. Fast-rising temperatures are forcing mountain species, ecosystems and the people that depend on them to adapt or migrate.
Question:
Which of the following represents the structure of the passage?
Option 1: Chronological
Option 2: Definition
Option 3: Compare and contrast
Option 4: Cause-effect
Correct Answer: Cause-effect
Solution : The fourth option is the correct answer.
The structure of the passage is cause-and-effect because it outlines the impact of various factors on mountain regions, including human pressures and climate change. The passage describes the causes (human activities, climate change) and their effects on mountains, such as soil erosion, habitat loss, and the need for adaptation or migration by species and people.
Therefore, the correct answer is cause-effect.
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