Question : Directions: Consider the given statement(s) to be true and decide which of the given conclusions and assumptions can be drawn from the given statements. Statements: All fish are tortoises. No tortoise is a crocodile. Conclusions: I. No crocodile is a fish. II. No fish is a crocodile.
Option 1: Only conclusion I follows
Option 2: Only conclusion II follows
Option 3: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Neither conclusion I nor II follows
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Correct Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions – Conclusion I: No crocodile is a fish – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing fish completely lies inside the circle representing tortoise, and there is a negative relation between tortoise and crocodile. So, from this, it can be concluded that no crocodile is a fish and vice versa. Thus, this conclusion follows. Conclusion II: No fish is a crocodile – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing fish completely lies inside the circle representing tortoise, and there is a negative relation between tortoise and crocodile. So, from this, it can be concluded that no crocodile is a fish and vice versa. Thus, this conclusion follows.
Therefore, both conclusions I and II follow. Hence, the third option is correct.
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