Question : Directions: In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
All R is P.
All R is Q.
Conclusions:
I. No P is Q.
II. No R is P.
Option 1: Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows
Option 2: Only conclusion (II) follows
Option 3: Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow
Option 4: Only conclusion (I) follows
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Correct Answer: Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
No P is Q –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the two circles representing P and Q overlap and have a part of their area in common. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion (II):
No R is P –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing R is completely overlapped by the circle representing P. So, this conclusion does not follow.
So, neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows. Hence, the first option is correct.
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