Question : Directions: In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
I. All L is P.
II. All P is V.
Conclusions:
I. Some L is V.
II. No V is L.
Option 1: Only conclusion II follows
Option 2: Only conclusion I follows
Option 3: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
Some L is V –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing L is completely overlapped by the circle representing V. Since all L is V, so some L will definitely be V. Thus, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion (II):
No V is L –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing V lie inside the circle representing L while some lie outside. So, from this, it can be concluded that some V is L. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
So, the only conclusion I follows. Hence, the second option is correct.
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