Question : Directions: In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
All W is S.
No D is W.
Conclusions:
I. Some S is W.
II. All S is D.
III. No W is D.
Option 1: Only conclusion III follows
Option 2: Both conclusions I and III follow
Option 3: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: All conclusions follow
Correct Answer: Both conclusions I and III follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion
I:
Some S is W – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circles representing S lie outside the circle representing W while some lie inside. So, from this, it can be concluded that some S is W. Therefore, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion
II:
All S is D – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is no direct relation between S and D. So, no definite relation can be drawn. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion III:
No W is D – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is a direct negative relation between W and D. Therefore, it can be concluded that no W is D.
So, both conclusions I and III follow. Hence, the second option is correct.
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