Question : Directions: In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
All Z is X.
All G is X.
Conclusions:
I. Some G is Z.
II. All X is G.
III. Some Z is X.
Option 1: Both conclusions I and III follow
Option 2: Only conclusion III follows
Option 3: Neither conclusion follows
Option 4: Both conclusions II and III follow
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Correct Answer: Only conclusion III follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
Some G is Z – From the diagram, it is evident that there is no direct relation between Z and G. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion (II):
All X is G – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing X lie outside the circles representing G. So, it can be concluded that some X is G.
Conclusion (III):
Some Z is X – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing Z lies inside the circle representing X. Since all Z is X, some Z will definitely be X. Therefore, this conclusion follows.
So, the only conclusion III follows. Hence, the second option is correct.
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