Question : Directions: In the following question, three statements are given followed by three conclusions I, II, and III. You have to consider the two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
Statements:
All chickens are birds.
Some chickens are hens.
Female birds lay eggs.
Conclusions:
I. All birds lay eggs.
II. Some hens are birds.
III. Some chickens are not hens.
Option 1: Conclusions II and III follow
Option 2: All conclusions I, II, and III follow
Option 3: Only conclusion I follows
Option 4: Only conclusion II follows
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Correct Answer: Only conclusion II follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
All birds lay eggs – According to the given statements, it is clear that female birds lay eggs, but birds can be both male and female. So, it can be concluded that only some birds lay eggs not all. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion II:
Some hens are birds – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circles representing hens and birds overlap each other and have a part of their areas in common. So, from this, it can be concluded that some hens are birds. Thus, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion III:
Some chickens are not hens – According to the given statements, it is clear that there is a possibility that some chickens may not be hens but it is not definite. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Therefore, only conclusion II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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