Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
I. No R is S.
II. All X are R.
Conclusions:
I. Some R are X.
II. Some S are X.
III. All X are S.
Option 1: Only conclusion III follows
Option 2: Only conclusion I follows
Option 3: None of the conclusions follow
Option 4: Only conclusion II follows
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyze the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
Some R are X –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing R lie inside the circle representing X while some lie outside. Thus, it can be concluded that some R are X.
Conclusion (II):
Some S are X –
Since all X are R and no R is S, so no X will be S. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion (III):
All X are S –
Since all X are R and no R is S, so no X will be S. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
So, the only conclusion I follows. Hence, the second option is correct.
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