Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
I. No X is L.
II. All M is X.
Conclusions:
I. No L is X.
II. No L is M.
III. All M are L.
Option 1: All the conclusions follow
Option 2: Only conclusion III follows
Option 3: Only conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Only conclusions II and III follow
Correct Answer: Only conclusions I and II follow
Solution : According to the given statements the Venn diagram is given below:
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
No L is X – As shown in the diagram, it is clear that the circles of L and X are connected with a line and cross on it which means that no L is X or vice versa. So, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion II:
No L is M – As shown in the diagram, it is clear that the circles of L and X are connected with a line and cross on it which means no L is X or vice versa and M is part of X. All M is X is defined by the diagram which means that No L is M is true. So, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion III:
All M are L – As shown in the diagram, it is clear that circles of L and X are connected with a line and cross on it which means that no L is X or vice versa and M is part of X which is not L. So all M are L is not true this conclusion doesn't follow.
So, only the conclusion I and II follows. Hence, the third option is correct.
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