Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All guavas are bananas.
All pumpkins are bananas.
All bananas are plums.
Conclusions:
I. All pumpkins are plums.
II. All plums are guavas.
III. Some plums are pumpkins.
Option 1: Only conclusions II and III follow
Option 2: All of the conclusions follow
Option 3: Only conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Only conclusions I and III follow
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Correct Answer: Only conclusions I and III follow
Solution :
The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
All pumpkins are plums – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle of the pumpkin is completely inside the circle of the plum. Therefore, this conclusion is true.
Conclusion (II):
All plums are guavas – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle of the guava is completely inside the circle of the plum. Therefore, some plums are guavas is true, but all are false.
Conclusion (III):
Some plums are pumpkins – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle of the pumpkin is completely inside the circle of the plum. Therefore, this conclusion is true.
So, only conclusions I and III follow. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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