Question : Directions: Three Statements are given followed by three conclusions numbered I, II, and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All spoons are forks.
All knives are forks.
All forks are plates.
Conclusions:
I. All knives are plates.
II. All plates are spoons.
III. Some plates are knives.
Option 1: All conclusions follow
Option 2: Both conclusions II and III follow
Option 3: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Both conclusions I and III follow
Correct Answer: Both conclusions I and III follow
Solution : According to the given statements, the following Venn diagram can be drawn –
Conclusion I
: All knives are plates – From the given statements, the circle of knives is completely inside the circle of plates. Therefore, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion II:
All plates are spoons – From the given statements, the circle of spoons is completely inside the circle of plates. Therefore, some plates are spoons is a true conclusion but all plates are spoons is a false conclusion.
Conclusion III:
Some plates are knives – From the given statements, the circle of knives is completely inside the circle of plates. Therefore, all knives are plates are true and some plates are knives is also a true conclusion.
So, only conclusions I and III follow. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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