Question : Directions: Three statements are given followed by three conclusions numbered I, II, and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All valleys are mountains.
No sea is a mountain.
Some plains are seas.
Conclusions:
I. Some valleys are plains.
II. No plain is a mountain.
III. No sea is a valley.
Option 1: Only conclusion II follows
Option 2: Only conclusion III follows
Option 3: Only conclusion I follows
Option 4: Both conclusions I and II follow
Correct Answer: Only conclusion III follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyze the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
Some valleys are plains –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is no definite relation between valleys and plains. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion II
: No plain is a mountain –
From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is no definite relation between plains and mountains. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion III:
No sea is a valley –
Since all valleys are mountains and no mountain is a sea. Thus, it can be concluded that n
o sea is a valley.
So, the only conclusion III follows. Hence, the second option is correct.
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