Question : Directions: Two Statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All sparrows are birds.
Some owls are birds.
Conclusions:
I. No sparrow is an owl.
II. Some sparrows are owls.
Option 1: Only conclusion II follows
Option 2: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 3: Only conclusion I follows
Option 4: Either conclusion I or II follows
Correct Answer: Either conclusion I or II follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
No sparrow is an owl – According to the Venn diagram, there is no definite relation between sparrow and owl. Therefore, no sparrow is an owl is a false conclusion.
Conclusion (II):
Some sparrows are owls – According to the Venn diagram, there is no definite relation between sparrows and owls. Therefore, some sparrows are owl is a false conclusion.
Some and no make an either-or conclusion.
So, either conclusion I or conclusion II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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