Question : Directions: Two statements are given, followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All phones are gadgets.
All gadgets are machines.
Conclusions:
I. All phones are machines.
II. All machines are gadgets.
Option 1: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 2: Only conclusion II follows
Option 3: Neither conclusion I nor II follows
Option 4: Only conclusion I follows
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statement is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
All phones are machines – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing phones is completely overlapped by the circle representing machines. So, from this, it can be concluded that all phones are machines. Thus, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion II:
All machines are gadgets – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing machines lie inside the circle representing gadgets while some lie outside. So, from this, it can be concluded that some machines are gadgets. Thus, this conclusion does not follow.
So, the only conclusion I follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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