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The entrance exam syllabus for medical biochemistry in University of Madras is as follows:

Unit1- Units of measurement of solutes in solution. Eg: Normality, Molality, Molarity and milliosmal. Ionic strength, pH, pOH, Henderson-Hesselbach equation, buffers, pH of the body fluids, buffer in body fluids, red blood cells and tissues. Measurments of pH by indicators, zwitter ions, pH dependent ionization of amino acids and proteins. General principles of chromatography. Principles, operational procedure and applications of Paper chromatography, Thin layer chromatography, Ion Exchange chromatography, Molecular sieve chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Gas liqiud chromatography, HPLC Factors affecting the migaration rate – sample, electric field, buffer and supporting medium, PAGE, SDS-PAGE, Immunoelectrophoresis. Atomic structure, radiation, types of radioactive decay, half life, and units of radio activity- Detection and measurments of radioactivity – methods based upon ionization (GM counter), methods based upon excitation (Scintillation counter). Autoradiography.

Unit 2- Stereoisomerism and optical isomerism of sugars, anomeric forms and mutarotation. Reactions of carbohydrates due to the presence of hydroxyl group, aldehyde and ketone groups. Classification and structures of amino acids. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids. Essential and non-essential amino acids. Non protein amino acids, proteins-classification based on solubility, shape, composition and function. Properties of proteins. Denaturation and Renaturation of proteins. Structure of peptide bonds. Protein structure-Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary (helix and pleated sheet) structures of protein. Forces stabilizing the seconday, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Chemcial synthesis of polypeptides-solid phase peptide synthesis. Determination of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain, specific chemical and enzymatic cleavage of polypeptide chain. Biologically important peptides-structure and functions.

UNIT 3- mutation and chromosomal aberrations. Causes of mutation-chemical and physical agents. Role of restriction endo-nucleases, plasmid and cosmid cloning vectors. Genetic Code-Genetic Code: Basic features of genetic code. Deciphering of Genetic code. Wobble Hypothesis. Transcription-Prokayrotic RNA polymerase-Enzyme structure, role of sigma factor, Promotor, Closed and open promotor complexes. Initiation, Elongation and termination of RNA synthesis. Regulation of gene expression in Prokaryotes, Operon-Concept-positive and negative regulation of lac operon.

UNIT 4- IUB system of enzyme classification, specificity, enzyme units, active site, mode of action-Lock and key theory and induced fit theory. Enzyme Kinetics-Introduction to chemical kinetics, rate and order of reactions, factors affecting the enzyme activity, derivation of Michaelis – Menton Equation. Line Weaver and Burk plot, Eadle-Hofstee plot. Enzyme inhibition – Competitive, non – competitive and uncompetitive inhibitions. Introduction - free energy – free energy of hydrolysis of ATP and other organophosphates. Role of High energy compounds – Electron transport chain. Components and reactions of ETC. Role of ETC – Oxidative Phosphorylation – Chemi Osmotic hypothesis. P/O ratio, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The glycolytic pathway – aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, energitics, glucogenolysis, regulation of glycogen metabolism, citric acid cycle and its regulation. Beta oxidation, alpha oxidation and omega oxidation, trans-amination, oxidative and non-oxidative de-amination, decarboxylation-urea cycle and its regulation.

UNIT 5- Liver function tests Metabolism of bilirubin, jaundice-types, clinical features and test based on

bile pigments level in blood and urine, plasma changes, PT, differentiation of three types of jaundice.

Renal function tests, clearance tests-urea, creatinine, insulin, PAH test, concentration and dilution tests.

Clinical enzymology. Definition of functional and non-functional plasma enzymes. Isozymes and

diagnostic tests, enzyme patterns in acute pancreatitis, liver damages, bone disorders, myocardial

infarction and muscle wasting.

Diseases related to carbohydrates, amino acids and lipid metabolism. Tumor markers. Definition

markers produced by various tissues, classsification and clinical application.

Hope it helps..

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