After conducting various experiments with garden pea ( Pisum sativum ), Mendel formulated three laws (popularly known as Mendel's Law of Inheritance) -

• Law of Dominance (Mendel’s first law of inheritance)
• Law of Segregation (Mendel’s third law of inheritance)
• Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel’s second law of inheritance)

1. Law of Dominance -

According to the law of dominance, hybrid offspring/progenies produced shall express the dominant trait in the phenotype. The alleles which get suppressed (and are not expressed in progenies) are known as recessive traits. The alleles that determine the trait and are expressed in progenies/offspring are known as the dormant traits.

2. Law of Segregation

According to the law of segregation, during gametes production, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate (separate) so that offspring/progenies acquire only one factor from each parent. In other words, allele pairs segregate during the gamete production and then re unite (randomly) during fertilization.

3. Law of Independent Assortment

According to the law of independent assortment, a pair of trait segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation.

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