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The extra money earned by selling an article is called profit or gain. When Selling Price (S.P.) is greater than the Cost Price (C.P.), we have a profit. The money lost by selling an article is called Loss . When Cost Price (C.P.) is greater than the Selling Price (S.P.) we have a loss.

A percentage is a number or ratio that can be expressed as a fraction of 100. If we have to calculate percent of a number, divide the number by whole and multiply by 100.  It represented by the symbol “%”.

For two integers a and b, the Least Common Multiple ( LCM(a,b) ) is the smallest positive integer that is evenly divisible by both a and b. For example, LCM (2,3) = 6 and LCM (6,10) = 30.

Factors are always whole numbers or integers and never decimals or fractions. All even numbers will have number 2 as their factor. All numbers that end with 5 will have 5 as their factor. All numbers greater than 0 and ending with a 0 will have 2, 5, and 10 as their factors.

Equation is a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =).

The Highest Common Factor ( H.C.F ) of two (or more) numbers is the largest number that divides evenly into both numbers. In other words the H.C.F is the largest of all the common factors.

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