Hello,

In the post-Independence period. the agrarian classes can be described as follows: landlords and tenants: kulaks/rich peasants/middle peasants and agricultural labourers; marginal and small farmers, and footloose labour.

------- Landlords and tenants generally had existed before the implementation land reforms in different states in India. However, they have not completely disappeared in every state.

------ In several parts of the country, new classes emerged abolition of zamindari following implementation of land reforms, These classes came to be known as rich farmers, kulaks or self-cultivating middle farmers. ------- In the areas which have witnessed green revolution, these classes got involved in cash crops. These areas also seen the emergence of agricultural labouers, who work on the land of the landowning classes.

------ Besides, there are classes who own small landholdings. These landholdings are not enough to meet their family needs. Apart from working in their land, they work in others' land or somewhere else. These are known as marginal or small farmers.

------- Apart from these classes, there are some social groups who are not engaged in some fixed occupation. They do whatever work is available to them. They do not own land or do not have any durable means of livelihood.

I hope you find the answer helpful.

Thank you.