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Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.

The term biodiversity was coined in 1985. It is important in natural as well as artificial ecosystems. It deals with nature’s variety, the biosphere. It refers to variabilities among plants, animals and microorganism species.

Biodiversity includes the number of different organisms and their relative frequencies in an ecosystem. It also reflects the organization of organisms at different levels.

The 5 major threats posed to biodiversity are by –Climate change

Habitat change

Nutrient pollution and loading

Invasive alien species

Overexploitation

The effect of these factors on biodiversity can cause a loss of biodiversity components, having a negative impact on the ecosystem and its integrity.

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