Correct Answer: Trapping of solar energy due to atmospheric gases

Solution : The correct option is Trapping of solar energy due to atmospheric gases.

The greenhouse effect is the natural process through which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases, retain solar heat and prevent it from escaping back into space. These gases, which include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour, work as a "blanket" over the globe, enabling solar energy to enter but limiting heat escape. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This increased greenhouse effect has increased heat trapping, resulting in global warming and climate change.