name the three groups of plants that bear archegonia briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them

The three group of plants that bear archegonia (female sexorgan mainly in ferns and mosses ) are

1. BRYOPHYTES including mosses and liverworts
2. PTERIDOPHYTES including horsetails and ferns
3. GYMNOSPERMS

life cycle of bryophytes

• The existence pattern of bryophytes comprises of a variation of two phases, or ages, called the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Every age has an alternate actual structure. At the point when a spore grows, it for the most part delivers the protonema , which goes before the presence of the more extravagantly coordinated gametophytic plant, the gametophyte, which creates the sexorgans.
• The protonema is generally threadlike and is profoundly fanned in the greeneries yet is diminished to a couple of cells in many liverworts and hornworts. The protonema stage in liverworts is typically called a sporeling in different bryophytes
• The gametophyte —the thallose or verdant stage—is for the most part lasting and delivers the male or female sexorgans or both. The female sexorgan is typically a carafe molded construction called the archegonium .
• The archegonium contains a solitary egg encased in an enlarged lower segment that is more than one cell thick. The neck of the archegonium is a solitary cell layer thick and sheathes a solitary string of cells that shapes the neck waterway. At the point when mature and totally wet, the neck waterway cells of the archegonium deteriorate, delivering a section of liquid to the neck channel and the encompassing water.
• The egg stays in the foundation of the archegonium , prepared for preparation. The male sexorgan, the antheridium , is a saclike design comprised of a coat of sterile cells one cell thick; it encases numerous cells, every one of which, when mature, produces one  spermatozoa
• The antheridium is generally joined to th e gametophyte by a slim tail. At the point when wet, the coat of the full grown antheridium cracks to deliver the sperm into the water.
• Every  spermatozoa has two flagella and swims in a wine tool design . At the point when a sperm enters the field of the liquid diffused from the neck channel, it swims toward the site of most noteworthy convergence of this liquid, subsequently down the neck trench to the egg. After arriving at the egg, the  spermatozoa  tunnels into its divider, and the egg core joins with the  spermatozoa core to create the diploid zygote. The zygote stays in the archegonium and goes through numerous mitotic cell divisions to deliver an undeveloped sporophyte .
• The lower cells of the archegonium additionally gap and produce a defensive construction, called the calyptra , that sheathes the developing undeveloped organism.

source : NCERT 11 and 12 biology text , important words and sentences are highlighted

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