Correct Answer: effect

Solution : The correct choice is the third option .

Effect refers to a change that something has brought about. It is a noun that is used to indicate the result of a change. Thus, effect is the correct choice, as the sentence requires a noun.

The meanings of the other options are as follows:

• Affectation: It means behaviour or speech that is not sincere.
• Effection: It means the act of effecting, creation, or production.
• Affect: It means to have an influence on someone or something.

Therefore, the complete sentence is: The effect of the new legislation has sparked a heated debate among lawmakers.