Question : Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select ‘No substitution required’.
Have taken permission, Shivam went horse riding.
Option 1: No substitution required
Option 2: Have took permission
Option 3: Having taken permission
Option 4: Having taking permission
Correct Answer: Having taken permission
Solution : The correct choice is the third option .
Explanation : In the original sentence, "have taken permission" is a present perfect verb form. However, when using the present perfect tense in this context, it typically implies an ongoing state rather than a completed action just before another action.
In the revised version, "having taken permission" is a participial phrase that acts as an adverbial clause. It indicates that taking permission happened before the main action of going horse riding.
Therefore, the correct sentence is: "Having taken permission , Shivam went horse riding."
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