Correct Answer: Lexicography

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

The meanings of all given words are:

• Anthropology : The study of humans encompassing their cultures, societies, and evolutionary development.
• Photography : The art and practice of capturing and creating images using light-sensitive materials or electronic sensors.
• Philology : The study of language in historical texts including the analysis of linguistic structure, meaning, and historical development.
• Lexicography is the activity or occupation of writing dictionaries.

Thus, the one-word alternative for "the practice of writing dictionaries" is "lexicography".