Correct Answer: The migration of highly skilled individuals to other countries

Solution : The correct answer is (a) The migration of highly skilled individuals to other countries

The term "brain gain" refers to the phenomenon where highly skilled individuals, such as professionals, scientists, and researchers, migrate from their home countries to other countries in search of better opportunities and living conditions. It is the opposite of "brain drain," which refers to the emigration of skilled individuals from their home countries.

Brain gain occurs when skilled individuals bring their expertise, knowledge, and talents to a new country, contributing to the host country's economic development, innovation, and overall human capital. These individuals often fill gaps in the labor market and contribute to the growth of industries that require specialized skills and knowledge. Brain gain can lead to positive outcomes, including enhanced productivity, technological advancements, and knowledge spillovers.