Question : The Chipko Movement's emphasis on "tree-hugging" as a form of protest is an example of:
Option 1: Market-based environmentalism
Option 2: Eco-terrorism
Option 3: Non-violent direct action
Option 4: Technocentric environmentalism
Correct Answer: Non-violent direct action
Solution : The Chipko Movement's emphasis on "tree-hugging" as a form of protest is an example of non-violent direct action, where local communities physically embraced trees to prevent their felling, symbolizing a peaceful resistance to deforestation.