Correct Answer: Have the highest species diversity

Solution : The correct answer is (A) Have the highest species diversity.

"Biodiversity hotspots" are regions that are characterized by exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism (species found nowhere else). These areas are considered to be significant in terms of global biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity hotspots typically encompass a relatively small geographic area but support a large number of unique and endemic species.

Conservation International, an environmental organization, coined the term "biodiversity hotspot" to identify specific regions that meet certain criteria. To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, an area must meet two main criteria: (1) it must have at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics (species found only in that region) and (2) it must have lost at least 70 % of its original habitat.

The concept of biodiversity hotspots highlights the importance of protecting and conserving these regions due to their exceptional biodiversity value. By focusing conservation efforts on these hotspots, it is possible to preserve a significant proportion of the Earth's species diversity.