Correct Answer: The shift from formal employment to self-employment

Solution : The correct answer is (a) The shift from formal employment to self-employment

Informalization of labor refers to the growing trend of workers moving from formal employment arrangements, which typically offer job security, social protections, and regulated working conditions, to more informal and precarious forms of employment. This shift often involves self-employment or working in the informal sector, where workers may have limited access to labor rights, social security benefits, and legal protections. Informalization of labor can result from various factors, including economic restructuring, globalization, technological changes, and the lack of adequate job opportunities in the formal sector.