Correct Answer: The economic benefits resulting from a young and growing population

Solution : The correct answer is (b) The economic benefits resulting from a young and growing population.

The demographic dividend occurs when a country experiences a decline in fertility rates, resulting in a relatively large working-age population compared to the dependent population (children and elderly). This demographic shift can create a favorable demographic structure that presents opportunities for economic growth and development.

Overall, the demographic dividend refers to the economic advantages that can arise from a youthful population structure, provided appropriate investments are made in education, health, skills development, and employment opportunities to harness the potential of the working-age population.