Correct Answer: Controlling

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Controlling.

Controlling is closely related to the directing function of management. Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to established standards, and taking corrective actions as needed. Effective directing requires managers to continuously assess and evaluate employee performance, provide feedback, and make adjustments to ensure that activities align with plans and goals. The directing function of management is closely related to controlling as both functions involve ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment of performance to ensure that it aligns with organizational objectives.