Correct Answer: Income inequality

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Income inequality.

The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality within a population. It quantifies the extent to which income is unevenly distributed among individuals or households in a given society.

The Gini coefficient is typically calculated by comparing the Lorenz curve (which represents the actual distribution of income) with the line of perfect equality (which represents a situation of perfect income equality). The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates perfect equality (all individuals have the same income) and 1 indicates maximum inequality (all income is concentrated in a single individual or group).