Correct Answer: Practical experiences

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Practical experiences

The principles of management are developed based on practical experiences and observations of successful managerial practices over time. These principles are derived from the accumulated knowledge and wisdom gained through the study and analysis of various management situations and scenarios. Managers and scholars have observed patterns, strategies, and approaches that have proven to be effective in achieving organizational goals and success. The principles of management provide general guidelines and insights into how managers can effectively plan, organize, lead, and control their organizations. While scientific experiments, historical events, and the opinions of management gurus may contribute to the understanding of management principles, the primary source is practical experiences in the field of management.