Correct Answer: Universal and flexible

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Universal and flexible

The principles of management are considered universal in the sense that they are applicable to various organizations and industries. While the specific application of management principles may vary based on the context and organizational needs, the fundamental principles remain relevant across different settings. These principles provide a framework and guidelines for effective management practices, such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Furthermore, the principles of management are also flexible, meaning they can be adapted and customized to suit the unique requirements and challenges of each organization. Managers can apply and modify these principles based on the specific circumstances, goals, and resources of their organization.