Question : The process of converting waste into organic fertilizer is called:

Option 1: Incineration

Option 2: Landfilling

Option 3: Composting

Option 4: Recycling

Correct Answer: Composting

Solution : The correct answer is (C) Composting.

Composting is the process of converting organic waste materials, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and agricultural residues, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment called compost. Composting is a natural decomposition process that occurs under controlled conditions, allowing microorganisms to break down the organic waste materials into a stable and beneficial end product.

During composting, the organic waste is typically mixed together and provided with the right balance of moisture, oxygen, and temperature to facilitate the decomposition process. Over time, the organic matter decomposes and transforms into compost, which is a dark, crumbly material that is rich in nutrients and beneficial microorganisms.

Composting offers several benefits, including the reduction of waste sent to landfills, the production of a valuable soil amendment that can improve soil fertility and structure, and the diversion of organic waste from incineration or landfilling, which can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. It is a sustainable practice that promotes the recycling and reuse of organic materials, closing the loop in the natural nutrient cycle.