Correct Answer: Fiscal austerity

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Fiscal austerity.

Fiscal austerity refers to the deliberate reduction in government spending and/or an increase in taxes to control an overheating economy. This approach aims to reduce the budget deficit or achieve a budget surplus by limiting government expenditures and increasing revenue. The goal of fiscal austerity is to bring the economy back into balance by curbing inflation, reducing public debt, and promoting fiscal responsibility.