Correct Answer: Fluctuations in economic growth over time

Solution : The correct answer is (a) fluctuations in economic growth over time.

The business cycle refers to the recurring pattern of expansion and contraction in economic activity within an economy. It represents the ups and downs or fluctuations in the level of economic output and activity over time.

The business cycle is driven by various factors, including changes in aggregate demand, monetary policy, fiscal policy, business investments, consumer confidence, and external shocks. It is a natural feature of market economies and is influenced by economic forces and policies.