Correct Answer: The mismatch between the skills demanded by employers and those possessed by workers

Solution : The correct answer is (c) The mismatch between the skills demanded by employers and those possessed by workers.

It refers to a situation where there is a discrepancy or gap between the skills, qualifications, or attributes that employers require for specific job positions and the skills possessed by the available workforce.

Skill mismatch can occur in various ways:

1. Skill shortages: This happens when there is a high demand for certain skills in the labor market, but there is an inadequate supply of workers with those skills. It leads to unfilled job vacancies and difficulty for employers in finding qualified workers.

2. Skill gaps: This occurs when there is a difference between the skills and qualifications possessed by workers and the skills required for a particular job. It may result in underemployment, where individuals are employed in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills and qualifications.

3. Skill obsolescence: This refers to situations where the skills possessed by workers become outdated or less relevant due to changes in technology, market demands, or industry practices. Workers may find it challenging to adapt to new skill requirements, leading to a mismatch between their skills and the evolving needs of employers.

Skill mismatch is an important consideration for policymakers, education and training institutions, and employers. Addressing skill mismatch requires efforts to align education and training programs with the needs of the labor market, promote lifelong learning and upskilling opportunities, and enhance coordination between employers, educational institutions, and policymakers to ensure a better match between skills demand and supply.