Correct Answer: The increase in the proportion of the working-age population

Solution : The correct answer is (b) The increase in the proportion of the working-age population.

It is a concept used to describe a period in a country's demographic transition where the working-age population (typically between 15 and 64 years old) becomes larger relative to the dependent population (children and the elderly). This demographic shift occurs due to a decline in birth rates and improved healthcare, resulting in a higher proportion of individuals in the productive working-age group.

The demographic dividend is often seen as an opportunity for economic growth and development. With a larger working-age population, there is a potential for increased productivity, higher savings, and greater economic output. This can lead to improved living standards, poverty reduction, and overall economic advancement. However, realizing the demographic dividend requires appropriate policies and investments in areas such as education, healthcare, job creation, and skill development to harness the potential benefits.