Hello Aspirant,

Information obtained from geophysical methods is both quantitative and qualitative. Geologic features like porosity, permeability, the water content of the formation, and/or mineralogy can be understood using properties like electrical resistance, seismic reflection/refraction, or magnetism.

Seismic techniques offer the best instruments for in-depth crustal and upper mantle investigations among the many geophysical methods appropriate to investigate the structure and composition of the lithosphere (see SEISMIC SURVEYS).

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