Question : What kind of forces arise from transient dipoles in atoms that induce transient dipoles in nearby atoms, produce an attractive force and are significant only over short distances (~500 pm)?
Option 1: Dipole-dipole forces
Option 2: London dispersion forces
Option 3: Dipole-induced dipole forces
Option 4: Hydrogen bond
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Correct Answer: London dispersion forces
Solution : The correct option is London dispersion forces.
London dispersion forces result from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution around atoms, creating transient dipoles. The induced dipoles in neighbouring atoms lead to attractive forces, but these forces are significant only over short distances. They play a crucial role in the behaviour of non-polar molecules and contribute to properties like boiling points and viscosity.
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